Class 9, Social Science - Disaster Management
Introduction to Disaster Risk Management Understanding Disaster Mitigation
NCERT (CBSE) Solutions for Textbook Exercise Questions
Question.1: How do we
reduce disaster risk ?
Solution: Both
natural and man-made disasters are full of risks. Natural disasters like
earthquakes, volcanoes, floods, tsunami etc. are unavoidable, but with little
precaution one can check the occurring of the man-made disasters like
accidents, fire and terrorist activities. But risks are involved in both the
cases, which can be reduced by disaster risk management.
Disaster
risk managements has mainly three major components -
1. Risk Identification and Assessment
Disaster
risk identification enables the community to assess the hazards in time which threaten it and to analyze the
different causes of their occurrence. Then assessment of the different
physical, geographical, political and social factors can be made which cause
various hazards. Disaster-prone location can be identified; a list of unsafe
buildings and infrastructures can be prepared. An estimate of risk involved for
livestock can be made and assessment of low income groups and physically weak
people with low health status can be prepared. In fact, risk identification and
assessment play an important role in Disaster Risk Management.
2. Risk Reduction
Disaster
Risk Reduction is also an important component of Disaster Risk Management.
3. Risk Transfer
Risk
Transfer is the third important component of Disaster Risk Management.
Question.2: What does
mitigation involve? Give three examples of non-structural mitigation.
Solution: Mitigation
involves structural and non-structural measures undertaken to limit the adverse
effects of natural hazards, environmental degradation and technological
hazards. Three examples of non-structural mitigation are given below –
=> A
legal framework should be prepared so that the people build only such
structures which are capable of withstanding impacts of earthquakes cyclones
etc. in a better way.
=> Land
use planning should be properly made so that human activities in hazards prone
areas can be controlled to avoid fatalities and losses. The people living in
hazards prone areas should be shifted to safer locations by passing laws and
ensuring that they are enforced.
=> All
type incentives and financial help through Banks and other financial organizations
may be extended to the people so that they are able to construct buildings that
incorporate hazard resistant measures or they carry out repairs in their old
construction.
=> Proper
training and education should be provided those people who are either involved
in disaster management or in construction work. Such Government officials,
engineers, architects, planners etc. if trained properly, can prove very useful
in encouraging mitigation.
Question.3: Enlist four ways
through which disaster resistant construction can be achieved.
Solution: Disaster resistant construction can be
achieved through the following ways:
=> Locating
the building (site) in a safe place - The houses should be constructed in
safer areas so that in case of any hazard or disaster they remain comparatively
safe.
=> An
estimate of the natural hazards - A disaster can be the result of any
natural hazard like an earthquake, volcano, landslide, cyclone, flood etc. If
it is known what type of natural hazard creates the disaster then appropriate
measures can be taken to avoid major loss.
=> Proper
building plans - If a good architect prepares the building perfectly then,
the building can be better saved in case of any disaster.
=> Construction
with suitable material and under good workmanship - If a building is
constructed with suitable materials and under good workmanship then the chances
of any casualties would be lesser in the event of any disaster.
Question.5: Cite a few
ways through which disaster risk can be transferred.
Solution: By risk transfer we mean to devise different
ways and means to which the individual or the community is compensated for the
losses they incur in disasters. Disaster risk can be transferred through
different ways, the chief among them are the following –
=>
Insurance of homes, appliances, etc. as well as of crops is a good way of risk
transfer.
=>
Recreation of a community contingency fund through disaster management
planning. Only the people will have to put a side or contribute a certain amount
of money to be used in emergencies.
=> In the
developed countries the private insurance sector contributes a lot in funding
the reconstruction work after a natural disaster especially for those people
who had insured their property and livelihood etc.
=> But in
developing countries it is the government and the individuals involved who bear
the major burden of the cost of disaster.
Question.6: How disaster
management is useful ?
Solution: It helps
to conserve and save development gains that are the result of years of hard
work by communities and the governments.
Coming soon
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