Class 7, NCERT Geography - OUR ENVIRONMENT
Human Environment - Settlement, Transport and Communication
CBSE Notes - CBSE Guide - CBSE Guess
CBSE Notes - Important Terms to
Remember
Permanent
Settlements:
Settlements which are
occupied for a regular period with no time limit are termed as permanent
settlements.
Rural
Settlements:
Villages in which people
are engaged mainly in primary activities are called rural settlements.
Urban
Settlements:
Towns and cities in which
people are mainly engaged in secondary and tertiary activities are urban
settlements.
Transhumance: It is a seasonal movement of people,
who rear animals move in search of new pastures according to changes in season
is called transhumance. For example - Gurjars of JK, Bakkarwals of Uttarakhand.
Generally they shift from mountain to valleys in summer and in winter, from
valleys to mountains.
Compact
Settlements:
Closely built dwellings
in rural areas in plains constitute compact settlements.
Slum and
Squattered Settlements: Settlements
where people live in congested and unhygienic conditions are called squattered
settlements.
Transport: Transport is the means by which people
and goods move.
Communication: Communication is the process of
conveying messages, ideas and information from one place to another.
CBSE Guess Sample
Questions (Short)
Question.1: What are the criteria for selection of site for
settlements?
Answer: Selection of site for settlements was
made on the basis of these natural criteria:
a) Favourable climate
b) Availability of water
c) Suitable land
d) Fertile soil.
Question.2: What is the longest railway in the world?
Answer:
The Trans - Siberian railway is the longest railway system in the world. It
connects St. Petersburg in Western Russia to Vladivostok on the Pacific coast.
Question.3: How did settlements become larger?
Answer:
The settlements became larger with the development of trade, commerce and
manufacturing over the long time. As a result of the above settlements
flourished and civilizations spread near river valleys.
Question.4: Name some important inland waterways of the world.
Answer:
a) Ganga-Brahmaputra river system
b) Great lakes in North America
c) Nile in Africa.
CBSE Guess Sample Questions
(Long)
Question.5: Give one merit and demerit of waterways.
Answer:
Merits -
1. Waterways are the
cheapest means of carrying heavy and bulky goods over long distances.
2. In rural areas waterways serve a very
cheap means of transport for people also.
Demerits
-
1. Waterways are not available everywhere
since it requires either sea, oceans, big rivers or big lakes.
Question.6: Give some merits and demerits of roadways as a means
of transport.
Answer:
Merits -
1. The most commonly used means of
transport especially for short distances are roadways.
2. The plains have a dense network of
roads.
Demerits -
1. There is not much demerits in case of
roadways however, the only demerit is that we can not send goods in bulk at a
time like those in railways.
2. High maintenance of roads is required
especially after rainy seasons and it is not as comfortable as railways or
airways.
Question.7: Give some merits and demerits of railways as a means
of transport.
Answer:
Merits -
a. It carries heavy goods and a large
number of people over short and long distances quickly, comfortably and at a
very cheap rate.
b. Superfast trains now-a-days have
reduced the time of journey significantly.
c. Railways network is well-developed in
plains.
d. Electromotive engines are the most
environment-friendly mode of transport among all.
Demerits -
a. In case of casualty, recovery of goods
and its value is very difficult.
Question.8: Give some merits and demerits of airways as a means
of transport.
Answer:
Merits -
1.
Airways
are the fastest means of transport in the world.
2.
Only
mode of transport to reach the most remote and distant areas especially where
there are no roads and railways.
3.
In
time of calamities like floods etc, air transport is extensively used for
rescue and relief services.
Demerits -
1.
The
most expensive means of transport among all.
2.
Air
traffic is adversely affected by bad weather very often.
3.
In
case of any casualty the risk of life and materials are almost hundred percent.
NCERT Solutions
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