CLASS 10, Political Science (NCERT Democratic Politics II)
Chapter 2, FEDERALISM
NCERT Solutions - NCERT Answers of Textbook Exercise & Intext Questions
Question 1: Locate the
following states on a blank outline political map of India: Manipur, Sikkim,
Chhattisgarh and Goa.
Answer:
Question 2: Identify and
shade three federal countries (other than India) on a blank outline political
map of the world.
Answer:
Question 3: Point out one
feature in the practice of federalism in India that is similar to and one
feature that is different from that of Belgium.
Answer:
I.
Similar feature: Both Belgium and India have a three-tier
government.
II.
Different feature: In Belgium, there is a community government as
the third tier, while, we have a local self-government (not based on
races / castes) in India as the third tier of the government.
Question 4: What is the
main difference between a federal form of government and a unitary one? Explain
with an example.
Answer:
I. In federal form of
government, power is shared at different levels, for example, at the organ
level, such as among executive, legislative and judiciary; at the different
levels of government such as state government, central government, local
government, etc. The examples of federal form of government are India, Belgium,
USA, Australia, etc.
II. On the other hand, in
unitary form of government, the national government has all the powers. If
there are other levels of the government, they are either sub-units or
subordinate to the national government. The states or provinces have to follow
the orders of the national government. The examples of unitary form of
government are Sri Lanka, China, etc.
Question 5: State any two
differences between the local government before and after the Constitutional
amendment in 1992.
Answer: Two
differences are as follows -
Local
Government (Before 1992)
|
Local
Government (After 1992)
|
1. Elections to the local
governments were not held regularly.
|
1. It has been made
constitutionally mandatory to hold regular elections to the local government
bodies.
|
2. Local governments did
not have any powers or resources of their own.
|
2. The state governments
are required to share some powers and revenue with local government bodies.
|
Question 6: Fill in the
blanks:
Since, the United States is
a _______ type of federation, all the constituent States have equal powers
and States are __________ vis-à-vis the federal government. But India is
_______ type of federation and some States have more power than others. In
India the _______ government has more powers.
Answer: coming together, strong, holding together,
central.
Question 7: Here are three
reactions to the language policy followed in India. Give an argument and an
example to support any of these positions.
Sangeeta: The policy of
accommodation has strengthened national unity.
Arman: Language based
states have divided us by making everyone conscious of their language.
Harish: This policy has
only helped to consolidate the dominance of English over all other languages.
Answer: I will refer
to go with the rea ction of Sangeeta that the policy of accommodation has
strengthened national unity. Initially, Hindi was made official language of the
country and later English was stopped from being used as an official language.
This hurt the feelings of many in the southern states of our country. The
example was Tamil Nadu, where the resistance became violent. We are, in fact, a
diverse country where more than 114 major languages are spoken. We should have
respect for each of these languages.
In contrast, we
have example of Sri Lanka, where linguistic differences have led the country to
a state of civil war. But our policy of accommodation has helped to make our
linguistic heritage rich administration of states easier and also ensured a
larger participation in Government’s activities by people who speak various
languages.
Question 8: The
distinguishing feature of federal government is:
a. National
government gives some powers to the provincial government.
b. Power
is distributed among the legislature, executive and judiciary.
c. Elected
officials exercise supreme power in the government.
d. Governmental
power is divided between different levels of government.
Answer: d. Governmental power is divided between
different levels of government.
Question 9: A few subjects
in various Lists of the Indian Constitution are given here. Group them under
the Union, State and Concurrent Lists as provided in the table below.
A. Defence; B. Police; C.
Agriculture; D. Education; E. Banking; F. Forests; G. Communication; H. Trade;
I. Marriages.
Union List
|
|
State List
|
|
Concurrent List
|
Answer:
Union list
|
A. Defence; E.
Banking; G. Communication
|
State List
|
B. Police; C.
Agriculture; H. Trade
|
Concurrent
List
|
D. Education;
F. Forests; I. Marriages
|
Question 10: Examine the
following pairs that give the level of government in India and the powers of
the government at that level to make laws on the subjects mentioned against
each. Which of the following pairs is not correctly matched?
a. State government
|
State List
|
b. Central government
|
Union List
|
c. Central and State
governments
|
Concurrent List
|
d. Local governments
|
Residuary powers
|
Answer: d. Local governments – Residuary powers.
Question 11: Match List I
with List II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the
lists:
List I
|
List II
|
1. Union of India
|
A. Prime Minister
|
2. State
|
B. Sarpanch
|
3. Municipal Corporation
|
C. Governor
|
4. Gram Panchayat
|
D. Mayor
|
1
|
2
|
3
|
4
|
|
1.
|
D
|
A
|
B
|
C
|
2.
|
B
|
C
|
D
|
A
|
3.
|
A
|
C
|
D
|
B
|
4.
|
C
|
D
|
A
|
B
|
Answer: 3. A, C, D, B.
Question 12: Consider the
following statements.
A. In a federation the powers of the federal and
provincial governments are clearly demarcated.
B. India is a federation because the powers of
the Union and State Governments are specified in the Constitution and they have
exclusive jurisdiction on their respective subjects.
C. Sri Lanka is a federation because the country
is divided into provinces.
D. India is no longer a federation because some
powers of the States have been devolved to the local government bodies.
Which of the statements given above
are correct?
a. A,
B and C
b. A, C and D
c. A and B only
Answer: c. A and B only.
Class
10, Federalism - Related Study
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