Class 9 Geography - Chapter 6 Population
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Important Terms & Definitions
Population: Total
number of men, women and children living in an area.
Density of Population: Average number of persons per sq. kilometer of total
surface area.
Demography: The
science that deals with population in various aspects.
Birth Rate: Per
thousand live births in a year.
Death Rate: Death per thousand population in one year.
Natural Growth Rate: The difference between birth rate and the death rate.
Infant Mortality Rate: Number of infants dying under one year of age per
thousand births in a year.
Working population: Persons engaged in some useful occupation for earning
their living and contributing to a productive economic activity.
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| (Courtesy: Google) |
Question 1. Discuss one factor that causes growth of
population in India.
Answer: One of the main factors which
is responsible for growth of population in India is the widening gap between
the birth rate and the death rate.
Question 2. State the population density of India.
Answer: According to the latest data, the current growth rate of population in
India is 1.11%. The country as a whole has a population density of 412 people
per square kilometer, which ranks 31st in the world. As per 2011 census India’s population density increased from 324 in 2001 to 382 per square kilometer, which is
considerably higher than the average population density of the world 2011.
Question 3. Which year is considered a great demographic
divide in India?
Answer: Year 1921 is considered
a great demographic divide in India.
Question 4. Which is the largest state in terms of area
in India?
Answer: Rajasthan.
Question 5. What is the main cause of rapid population
growth in India after 1921?
Answer: Low fall in the birth
rate but high fall in the death rate.
Question 6. What is mostly responsible for sparse
population in J&K and Himachal Pradesh?
Answer: Rugged terrain and
unfavourable climate are the two main reasons for sparse population in J&K
and Himachal Pradesh.
Question 7. Which state of India has the highest density
of population?
Answer: According to consensus 2011, Bihar has the
highest density of population followed by West Bengal. Population density of Bihar is 1,102/km2 while West Bengal has 1,029/km2
Question 8. Which state of India has the least density of
population?
Answer: According to consensus 2011, Arunachal Pradesh has the least population density with 17
persons per square km.
Short Answer-Type Questions
Question 9. What is Census?
Answer: Census is an official numeration of population done after
every ten years in India, along with certain social and economic statistics. Census not only helps us in knowing the total number of population but also the
latest distribution of population, sex ratio, age composition, occupational
structure and literacy of a particular country or state.
Question 10. Define sex ratio.
Answer: By sex ratio, we mean
the number of females per thousand males in the total population. India’s sex ratio has increased over the past 20 years,
after dropping for the 80 years before that. According to the Census of 2011, there
were 940 Indian women for every
1,000 men, up from 933 in
2001.
Question 11. Discuss the four main causes responsible for
the rapid population growth in India.
Or
What are the main causes of the rapid population growth in
India?
Answer: The most important factors responsible for the rapid
growth of population in India over the past 50 years are -
(1) Widening Gap between fall in Birth and Death Rates. Low fall in the birth rate in comparison to the high fall
in the death rate. In the beginning of the 20th century, the birth rate was
49.2 per thousand which came down to 26.1 per thousand at the end of the
century. But during the same period, there has been a huge fall in the death
rate from 42.6 per thousand to 8.7 per thousand during the same period.
(2) Religious superstitions, illiteracy and unawareness. A
great section of population in India are still illiterate and tradition-ridden
as they still believe in child-marriage, multi-marriage system etc. They don't feel
to understand the importance of checking the growth of population, the need of
family planning.
(3) Poverty, as many poor parents produce
children not because they are ignorant but because they need them. This is
evident from the fact that there are still around 35 million child workers in
India.
(4) Climatic factors as one of
the reasons of fast rising population in India is its hot climate.
So, all the above factors resulted in the rapid higher
growth rate of population in our country.
Question 12. What is sex ratio? Give two reasons responsible for unfavorable
sex ratio in India.
Answer: The number of women per thousand men is called sex ratio. India’s sex ratio has
increased over the past 20 years, after dropping for the 80 years before that. According to the Census of 2011, there
were 940 Indian women for
every 1,000 men, up from
933 in 2001.
However, females are still lesser than men per 1000.
The reasons for this unfavorable sex ratio in India are:-
(1) Female children are neglected as compared to male
children.
(2) Women are subject to greater risks to their lives
especially at the time of child birth.
(3) Early marriages and social evils like dowry-deaths.
(4) Illiteracy among female is high. They have no
knowledge about pre-natal and post-natal care.
(5) Low economic and political status of females in
India.
Question 13. What is a dependency ratio? How it is calculated? Also mention some signicances of Dependency Ratio. What does the
comparison of such ratios between India and Japan reveal us?
Or
What is the meaning of dependency ratio? Why is
dependency ratio higher in India? Give two reasons.
Answer:
Dependency Ratio & its Calculation: The number of dependent persons per head on working persons is called the dependency ratio. The dependency ratio is calculated by dividing dependent population by the active population and multiplying by 100. So, Dependency Ratio is a measure showing the number of dependents in the age group of 0-14 and over the age of 65 to the total population is referred to as the "total dependency ratio".
Dependency Ratio & its Calculation: The number of dependent persons per head on working persons is called the dependency ratio. The dependency ratio is calculated by dividing dependent population by the active population and multiplying by 100. So, Dependency Ratio is a measure showing the number of dependents in the age group of 0-14 and over the age of 65 to the total population is referred to as the "total dependency ratio".
Significance of Dependency Ratio: The dependency ratio is important because it shows the
ratio of economically inactive compared to economically active. Economically
active will pay much more income tax and other taxes. An increase in the
dependency ratio can cause fiscal problems for the government.
Dependency Ratio in India &
Japan: In India, in 1991, the working population was 55.99%
while the dependent population was 44.1%. In this way, the dependency ratio in
India in 1991 comes to 78%. This is quite high as compared to Japan whose
dependency ratio is 48.8%. It means the proportion of dependant population in
India is much higher as compared to Japan.
Reasons for high Dependency Ratio in India: The high dependency ratio in India can be
attributed to the following reasons:
(1) Here percentage of children below the age of 15 is
quite high. They form 34.33% of the total population.
(2) Here old men, forming 6.97% of the total population,
also form a part of the dependency population.
The dependency ratio in India can be reduced by lowering
the birth rate over a couple of decades so that not much pressure is put on the
economically active population and on our limited resources including health
and medical care.
Question 14. What is natural growth rate of population? How
can birth rate be brought down? Give two methods for it.
Answer: Natural Growth Rate of Population
or Natural Population Increase (in contrast
to total population growth)
happens as people are born (in
contrast to immigration) in a country, and decrease as people die (in contrast
to emigrate). Births and deaths are natural causes of population change. The difference between the birth rate and the death rate of a country
or place is called the natural
growth rate.
One way to bring down the natural growth rate is by controlling the birth rate. This can be brought down by
the following methods:
(1) We must adopt family planning methods to check the
birth rate. Two children in one family or rather one child in one family like
that of China, should be our ideal.
(2) We must educate our women-folk so that early
child-marriage is totally eliminated. Education can prove very useful in
bringing down the birth rate.
For answers of the following questions (Nos 15 - 23) see our next post. Link given at the end ..
Question 15. What is 'Child-Labour'? Why is child labour
banned? Write two reasons.
Question 16. West Bengal is more densely populated than
Punjab. Give reasons.
Question 17. Kerala state is
densely populated. Give two reasons.
Question 18. What makes
West Bengal the most thickly populated state in India? State three reasons.
Question 19. Why has there
been such a sudden abrupt rise in population of India since 1921?
Or
Give reasons for the steep
rise in India's population since 1921.
Question 20. While studying
population growth, what are the two main aspects or characteristics to be kept
in mind? Distinguish between the two.
Question 21. Write a short note on: Urbanisation
in India.
Or
What is the impact of fast -growing cities of
India on the environment and available civic amenities?
Or
Write a brief account on the impact of rapid
urbanisation in India.
Or
Why has the rapid growth of population in the
metropolitan cities of India become a serious problem? Explain any five
consequences of the same.
Long Answer-Type Questions
Question 22. Why is it important to study
population?
Or
What is the purpose of studying population?
Question 23. What could be the reason of uneven
distribution of population in India?
Or
What are the factors which influence the
population distribution?
(Continued ... Link for answers of Question No 15 - 23 given below)
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